Location: LDRCHome

Kinds of LD

Reading Disabilities

Reading disabilities have been referred to as Developmental Reading Disorder and Dyslexia. Research over the past decade suggests that the vast majority of reading disabilities are the result of an individual having difficulty transposing sounds and letters. This "letter to sound" connection is often referred to as phonemic or phonological awareness. Youngsters with reading disabilities usually take significantly longer to learn the sounds of the alphabet. As these children learn to read, they may exhibit difficulty in blending the sounds of letters into a word or segmenting words into their separate sounds.

In later years, children and young adults with this particular LD continue to have difficulty in meeting expected reading achievement levels. They may also begin to exhibit more generalized learning difficulties, likely because their problems with reading have affected many aspects of learning throughout the individual's school years. Self-esteem often suffers. Strategy-use and higher level cognitive functioning, such as planning, reflectivity, and self-monitoring skills may be less developed than in learners without reading disabilities.

Recent research has identified what may be the biological origins of a reading disability. Individuals with reading disabilities have areas around the fissures on the left and frontal lobes of the brain that are over developed. Other research suggests that some individuals with a reading disability may adapt by taking advantage of a superior visual processing ability. While more research must be conducted to learn about these adaptations, studies suggest that those with a reading disability learn to read in a different way, tending toward visual, rather than auditory or phonological learning strategies.

Related LDRC Articles

• Developing Dimensions of Written Language Thu, July 12, 2001 - 20:25
• Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, and "Intelligence" Thu, June 9, 2005 - 22:47
• How can we help our dyslexic children Sat, July 12, 2008 - 15:19
• Irlen Filters and Learning Disabilities Mon, July 15, 2002 - 13:08
• Laterality, LD, and Genius ? Sat, January 4, 2003 - 14:51
• LD? - Two Case Studies Sat, August 19, 2006 - 09:40
• Learning Disabilities Sun, October 7, 2001 - 10:44
• Learning Strategies for the Adolescent Student Thu, October 18, 2001 - 16:53
• My Preschooler has a Speech Problem! What Can a Busy Parent do? (Part One of a Two) Mon, August 20, 2001 - 16:10
• Narrow Columns for Dyslexic Readers Fri, December 23, 2005 - 07:58

More articles

Related Web Articles

• A Cross-National Study of Teachers' Attributional Patterns.
• A School-Aged Child with Delayed Reading Skills.
• Academic Interventions for Children with Dyslexia Who Have Phonological ...
• Beginning Reading and Phonological Awareness for Students with Learning Disabilities.
• Children's Attitudes Toward Reading and Their Literacy Development.
• Developmental reading disorder
• Differentiating between difficult-to-remediate and readily remediated poor readers: More evidence against the IQ-achievement...
• Dislexia. Dislexiea. Dyslexia. Deslexeia. Dislexya
• Dyslexia depends on culture, scientists say
• Early Attention Problems and Children's Reading Achievement: A Longitudinal Investigation.
• Executive functioning deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are independent of oppositional defiant or reading disorder.
• Helping Children Overcome Reading Difficulties.
• Helping the Underachiever in Reading.
• Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading disabilities....
• Learning Disabilities Explained
• Metacognition and Reading To Learn.
• Motivating Low Performing Adolescent Readers.
• Naming Speed Performance and Stimulant Effects Indicate Effortful, Semantic Processing Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
• Phonemic Awareness: An Important Early Step in Learning To Read.
• Phonological Processing, Not Inhibitory Control, Differentiates ADHD and Reading Disability.
• Reading and Vocabulary Development.
• Reading instruction for students with LD and EBD: a synthesis of observation studies
• Relations Among Emergent Literacy Skills, Behavior Problems, and Social Competence in Preschool Children From Low-and Middle-Income Backgrounds.
• Stop giving kids incentives for reading! (Commentary).
• Strategic Processing of Text: Improving Reading Comprehension of Students with Learning Disabilities.
• Student Groupings for Reading Instruction.
• Students with three types of severe reading disabilities: introduction to the case studies.
• Susan Hall on Reading and Parental Involvement (PDF File)
• Teaching Low-Level Adult ESL Learners.
• The efficacy of phonological awareness training with first-grade students who have behavior problems and reading difficulties.
• The indomitable dinosaur builder (and how she overcame her phonological deficit and learned to read instructions, and other things).
• The relationships among phonological processing, orthographic processing, and lexical development in children with reading disabilities.
• The Strategic Spelling Skills of Students with Learning Disabilities: The Results of Two Studies.
• What Is Dyslexia?
• Writing as a Response to Reading.

Related Events

None found.

Related Organizations

• Dr. Andrea Adams, Psychologist
• Adams and Kim Psychologists
• Dx dyslexia Help
• Ableize disability & mobility directory
• EDVISE educational consultants
• The Listening Centre
• MyEduToy
• Phonics Plus Five
• Learning & Language Specialists
• Kidspeech & Family Rehabilitation

More Organizations ...

Related Projects

• Adding Metacognitive Functioning to a Phenotypic Profile of College Age Individuals with a Reading Disability
• Learning Disabilities Research Program
• Perceptual Processes in Reading
• Summer transition programs for students with LD
• Teaching Literacy to LD Learners (LDRC Literacy Stream)

More projects ...